Leeds referencing, or Leeds Harvard referencing, is a variation of the Harvard style specific to Leeds University. With countless variations of the Harvard referencing system out there, it’s crucial that you stick to the style recommended by your academic institution. If you’re a Leeds University student then make sure you follow the Leeds version when referencing sources in your work since it will be marked using this guidance.
The specifics of the Leeds referencing system can be found in the Leeds University referencing guides, which are available to download from The University Library website.
The Leeds University Harvard referencing system requires both in-text citations and a bibliography.
Information for the in-text citation is kept to a minimum with the author’s surname and date of publication all that’s required. Full publication details must be included in the bibliography at the end, which you alphabetise by the author.
For Harvard referencing in the Leeds style, author names and the first word of titles should be capitalised. If there are more than two authors you should write “et al”. You need to italicise the whole title for all sources consulted.
Looking for a smarter option that takes the hassle away with a simple scan of the book’s barcode using your smartphone? Let the Cite This For Me mobile app, or our handy web tool where you can search by author or title, do all the handwork for you. Now, that’s another problem solved.
Use the following template to cite a book using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. City: Publisher.
Example:
Bowdin, G. 2011. Events management 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
A budget can be described as a quantified statement of plans (in other words, the plan is expressed in numerical terms). The budget process includes costing and estimating income and the allocation of financial resources. The budget of an event is used to compare actual costs and revenues with projected costs and revenues. In particular the maximum expenditure for each area of the event's operation is estimated. (Bowdin, 2011)
Use the following template to cite a journal using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. Publication Title [online]. Volume number(Issue number),p.Pages Used. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Rosner, R. et al. 2014. Developmentally adapted cognitive processing therapy for adolescents and young adults with PTSD symptoms after physical and sexual abuse: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [online]. 15(1),p.195. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-195 [Accessed October 10, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
use this linked to adolescents....newly published and suggests early treatment of adolescents could avoid BPD got from the search engine google (Rosner et al., 2014)
Use the following template to cite a film or movie using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Anon Year Published. Title. City: Publisher.
Example:
Anon 2012. Antimatter Propulsion Could Revolutionize Space Travel. Youtube: Alexander Guseff.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Anon, Year Published)
Example:
Featured famed British theoretical physicist Steven Hawking (Anon, 2012)
Use the following template to cite an online image or video using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title [online]. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Blount, C. 2013. Dying Gallic Trumpeter [online]. Available from: http://www.pinterest.com/pin/67554063133238830/ [Accessed September 29, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
The torc around his neck identifies him as a barbarian, as well as his ruffled hair and mustache. I love how each tense muscle of the body is matched with a relaxed one. His diagonal position portrays a sadness and evokes sympathy. (Blount, 2013)
Use the following template to cite a website using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. [online]. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
YouTube, 2014. Northwest Front-The Northwest Volunteer Army. [online]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W14DdNUDL7g [Accessed June 17, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
"Northwest Front: The Northwest Volunteer Army" (YouTube, 2014)
Use the following template to cite a blog using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. Publication Title [online]. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Tyson, 2010. Loop House. Architecture Linked [online]. Available from: http://architecturelinked.com/profiles/blogs/loop-house [Accessed June 12, 2010].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
As the name suggests, the architecture is a series of loops that fold in and around each other to form each space of the house. (Tyson, 2010)
Use the following template to cite a court case using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Anon Year Published. Title.
Example:
Anon Judge Atkin, Donoghue v Stevenson.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Anon, Year Published)
Example:
The rule that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law you must not injure your neighbour; and the lawyer's question” Who is my neighbour?" receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who then in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question"
Use the following template to cite a dictionary entry using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. Publication Title [online],p.Pages Used. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Anon 2014. Oxford Dictionaries [online]. Available from: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/binge-drinking [Accessed October 23, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
The consumption of an excessive amount of alcohol in a short period of time (Anon, 2014)
Use the following template to cite an e-book or pdf using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title [online]. City: Publisher. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Broughton, A. et al. 2013. The use of social media in the recruitment process [online] 1st ed. Acas. Available from: http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/0/b/The-use-of-social-media-in-the-recruitment-process.pdf [Accessed August 8, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
one-third of these managers also reported that information found on SNSs had made them more likely to hire a candidate (Broughton et al., 2013)
“
Use the following template to cite an edited book using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. City: Publisher.
Example:
Woods, C. and Pack, R. 2014. Crito 1st ed.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
And wouldn’t this be the most shameful reputation, that I would seem to value money above friends?” “ but why should we, blessed Crito, care so much about the opinion of many?"" (Woods & Pack, 2014)
”
Use the following template to cite an email using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title.
Example:
Marshall, A. 2014. Re: Questions for Barry's MA course.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
5-10 years ago sales agents had more power as they could fully finance more or less and tax money made everyone fat. (Marshall, 2014)
Use the following template to cite an encyclopedia article using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. Publication Title,p.Pages Used.
Example:
Anon 2014. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedion, Q1 2014, p1.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
Amphictyony (ămfĭk′tēō″nē, –ŏ″nē, –ənē″), in ancient Greece, a league connected with maintaining a temple or shrine. There were a number of these, but by far the most important was the Great, or Delphic, Amphictyony (or simply the Amphictyonic League), a league originally of 12 tribes. It had meetings in the spring at the temple of Demeter at Anthela near Thermopylae and in the autumn at Delphi. The Amphictyonic Council passed legislation regarding religious matters and had power to declare a sacred war against an offender. By the 6th cent. B.C. the religious organization had begun to have political influence. The greater city-states, by using pressure on the lesser, were able to control laws and policy. Philip II of Macedon, after getting on the council, used sacred wars as a pretext for furthering his conquests in Greece. Thereafter, the power of the Great Amphictyony was minimal, although it continued in existence until late in the Roman Empire. (Anon, 2014)
Use the following template to cite an interview using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title.
Example:
Thatcher, M. 1976. TV Interview for Thames TV This Week.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
"Socialist governments traditionally do make a financial mess. They always run out of other people's money." (Thatcher, 1976)
Use the following template to cite a magazine using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. Publication Title [online]. (Issue number),p.Pages Used. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Adams, L. 2014. All Things Bright & Beautiful. Selfbuild and Design,p.Page 19.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
"A model KR17 Rolland digital piano provides instant music at the touch of a button. " (Adams, 2014)
Use the following template to cite a newspaper using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. Publication Title [online],p.Pages Used. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Richards, T. and Roswell, T. 2010. Measures of underlying inflation. RBA bulletin [online]. Available from: http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2010/mar/2.html [Accessed September 23, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
persistent or generalised (Richards & Roswell, 2010)
Use the following template to cite a podcast using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title. Publication Title [online]. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Corp Author, 2014. The title of the episode. The name of the podcast [online]. Available from: http://podcasts.com/jghadjghadja/ [Accessed October 27, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
Sample test for the podcast manual citation :) (Corp Author, 2014)
Use the following template to cite a song using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Initial. Year Published. Title [online]. City: Publisher. Available from: http://Website URL [Accessed October 10, 2013].
Example:
Staff, N. and Warshawski, L. 2014. Dolphins, Pirates And David Hasselhoff: Breaking Into TV At Sea [online]. Available from: http://www.npr.org/2014/05/10/311144939/dolphins-pirates-and-david-hasselhoff-breaking-into-tv-at-sea [Accessed September 15, 2014].
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Author Surname, Year Published)
Example:
“It started when she was in college studying Japanese in Hawaii. Her dormmate worked on a boat and asked if Warshawksi wanted a job translating for Japanese tourists. ’I wouldn't say that I really knew Japanese, but I wanted to know Japanese. I was really eager," she says. So she got the job. In addition to interpreting, she also began learning about marine life. ‘There I was working in Waianae in Hawaii on a dolphin-excursion boat. It was swimming with dolphins in the wild, seeing humpback whales breaching in the winter, and trying my best to speak Japanese to the tourists,’ says Warshawski. One of the guests on the boat worked on the TV show Baywatch. He was the marine coordinator; responsible for all that goes into filming a show on the water. ‘It turns out he was looking for an assistant to help with a production that he had coming up,’ says Warshawski. ‘It happened to be Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding.’” (Staff & Warshawski, 2014)
Use the following template to cite The Bible using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Title, Year Published. City: Publisher.
Example:
The Bible, 2014.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Title, Year Published)
Example:
"Hear, O" Israel : the Lord our God, the Lord is One" (The Bible, 2014)
Use the following template to cite a TV Show using the Harvard – University of Leeds citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Anon Year Published. Title.
Example:
Anon 2012. Four Corners.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
(Anon, Year Published)
Example:
"Growing up poor" (Anon, 2012)